Democracy & Aristotle Essay

Democracy is widely recognized to have originated from ancient Greece, where much of its political philosophy was developed, particularly by Aristotle. However, Ancient Rome is also credited with significant contributions to the development of democracy. Etymologically speaking, the word ‘democracy’ equates to rule and strength from the people. This is an important notion to consider, as far too often the notion of democracy today has eroded into a belief that this rule and strength lies solely within the electoral process. While there is no denying the importance of elections, Lawrence Lessig (2004) contends that democracy also means rule by the people and opines that in the American tradition that means â€Å"control through reasoned discourse and debate. As such, democracy is exercised most by the people when they are actively engaged in civic affairs. Alexis de Tocqueville (2003), the 19th century French political thinker best known for his sociological travel writings on the United States, observed that this is best exemplified by the jury system. Unlike the elections, jurors did not just vote over the outcome to be imposed at the conclusion of a trial, but rather, they went through intense deliberation, attempting to persuade each other of the outcome. Results were obtained through argument, such that no juror could simply detach himself from the implications of his vote. Democratic theory, when applied to political governance, operates along two princioples. First, that the members of the democratic society in question have equal access to power, and second, that they enjoy freedoms and liberties which are universally recognized. (Dahl, Shapiro & Cheibub, 2003) In practice, this varies wildly, and as such, various strains of democracy exist, some which are less representative of the democratic essence than others. Democracy is better understood by contrasting it with other forms of governance. Aristotle observed that in an oligarchy or aristocracy, rulership is granted to a select few while in a monarchy, it is a single individual who holds the power of rulership. For Aristotle, the foundations of democracy lie in civic freedoms, and it is the only political system which permits the private citizen to have freedom. (No author, 2006) Furthermore, this freedom is a double-edged sword, a privilege and a responsibility. Not only is a government denied unquestioned hegemony over the citizen, but it is the responsibility of the citizen to ensure that the government fulfills its obligations. Additionally, this sense of equality is not contingent on the merits of the individual – class, occupation, etc. are not the basis for measuring rights, but rather distributed regardless of their station in life. In that sense, a democracy maintains an egalitarian appraisal of the individual’s political worth. The successful construction of a democratic political system requires the separation of powers. This is because in order for any political system to distribute power in the egalitarian fashion which defines the democratic ideal, it must be able to ensure that no one faction of the political system can attain enough power as to influence or control the others, for that would effectively dilute and perhaps destroy the democracy itself. (Williamson, 2004) As such, this means that any nation governed under the democratic principle operates under the presumption that its constituents are equal – not just its citizens (though it is crucial that they do) but the various institutions as well. Furthermore, the citizens possess various freedoms that cannot be overridden by the government, regardless of how contrary it may be to the government’s interests, such as the freedom of political expression through speech and press for the purposes of staying informed and declaring their personal interests. (Barak, 2008) REFERENCES Lessig, L. (2004) Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity. New York: Penguin Press. De Tocqueville, Alexis. (2003) Democracy in America. New York: Penguin Classics. Dahl, R. A., Shapiro, I. & Cheibub, J.A. (2003) The Democracy Sourcebook. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Williamson, T. R. (2004) Problems in American Democracy. Montana: Kessinger Publishing. Barak, A. (2008) The Judge in a Democracy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. No author. (2006) â€Å"Aristotle (384-322 BCE): Overview.† The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved September 30, 2008 from: http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/aristotl.htm

Importance of Metals

A metal is defined as an opaque shiny element which possesses properties such as malleability and ductility. Malleable meaning that they can be hammered into shapes and ductile meaning they can be drawn into wires. They are also very strong and posses high tensile strength and are good conductors of heat and electricity. Metals are shiny, and also have high densities. Metals are a very important and significant part of chemistry. However, their importance is not just limited to chemistry; they are also used in our daily lives.We may not realize this but without metals; we would not be able to continue with our daily routines as metals play an important role. Metals are used in the making of household conveniences like ovens, dishes, cutlery etc. they are also used in transportation such as cars, buses, trucks, trains. Computers and electronic devices are also made up of metals. Electrical power production and distribution, even most of the construction is made out of steel which is a n alloy; a mixture of metals such as iron and carbon.And it is because of the specific properties of metals, which allow them to be used in the making of such objects. Although we see metals almost everywhere we go, metals are not found easily. In fact, most of the metals are present in the earth’s crust but when found in the earth these are often mixed with other substances. The rocks in the earth’s crust are a mixture of substances, these rocks from which a metal can be extracted from is known as an ore. The method used to extract metals from ores depends on the reactivity of that metal.Some unreactive metals can even be found in the native state, like gold. On the other hand, most metals are too reactive to exist on their own like aluminium, which has to be extracted using a method called electrolysis. And some moderately reactive metals that are in the middle of the reactivity series can be extracted using reduction of oxides like iron. Gold is not found in a mixtu re or combined state but is also quite rare. Gold is extracted by mining.Gold is a very demanding and expensive metal, the 2nd most expensive after platinum. The metal aluminium is extracted from its one aluminium oxide which is also known as bauxite which is mainly aluminium oxide (Al2O3)It is also the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust but is never found separately, only in its bauxite. Aluminum being a reactive metal has to be extracted using electrolysis. The process of electrolysis requires massive amount of energy and therefore making aluminium expensive to produce.

Gender Inequality Within The Workplace Essay - 1502 Words

The movement of promoting gender equality is exponentially growing every year; however, gender inequality is still a persistent problem in today’s workforce. Each year, gender inequality, especially employment equity, the distinct barrier between genders in the workforce, has become a topic of contention as its affecting working individuals worldwide, especially women. Before examining this problem, we must further understand what gender inequality is in the workplace. Gender inequality is an ascriptive factor, in which limits individuals to reach their full potential in their area of expertise by discriminating based on gender (module †¦). Both genders can have the same qualifications for an occupation, but a specific gender, mainly men, are seen to be more qualified than their female counterparts are. This can result in the refusal to allow the individual to take on leadership roles due to socially constructed views on gender. In addition, they may receive unequal wages compared to the opposing gender due to statistical discrimination which is the idea hiring or promoting individuals based on the average characteristics of their gender group rather than solely focusing on the individual( Textbook, 169). As we strive towards the goal of gender inequality, we must understand it in order to construct a proper solution. In regards to the theory of social constructionist, gender roles and stereotypes are a creation of society and its culture. This creation of social rolesShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality Within The Workplace1379 Words   |  6 Pages  Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences. There is a natural difference also in the relative physical strengths of the sexes. In the workplace Income disparities linked to job stratification Wage discrimination exists when workers are equally qualified and perform the same work butRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1323 Words   |  6 Pagesalways been praised for freedom and equality. However, there is a notable area of inequality in the workforce: the gender pay gap. In the Unites States, a woman makes, on average, a mere 78 cents to the dollar earned by a man. This statistic has remained steady and has only seen a small 18 cent increase in the past few decades. A majority of the wage gap is due to unsound social biases. Because gender inequality in the workforce is fueled by complex factors such as biases, it requires a complexRead MoreGender Inequality Within A Workplace2144 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough over time it is clear to see that gender inequality is becoming a smaller problem in today’s society, it must also be noted that it does still exist, even in the most developed parts of the world. The UNDP, 1997 in its Human Development repor t, stated that ‘no society treats its women as well as its men’ and to some extent this is true. However, in this essay I will be discussing different opinions and related studies in order to come to a conclusion regarding the truth behind this commentRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace The generation now has made it easier to equalize men and women but there is still a substantial amount of places where gender inequality is still happening in the workplace and where females still face discrimination. Women are often discriminated in the workplace and are usually not promoted as quickly as men are and they also receive less pay. History shows that women have not always been defined as property and thought of as second class citizens. But inRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1724 Words   |  7 Pagesthe same duties. Gender inequalities are a huge factor in the workplace. There is a lot of tension when it comes to women being over worked. The amount of responsibilities that women have, from work to home and everything in between, is ridiculous and it is all based on the gender roles that society has developed. Lastly, what really triggers feminism is the world expecting all women to portray themselves as sex objects and then to getting criticized for it . Understanding sex, gender, how they linkRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1469 Words   |  6 PagesGender inequality in the workplace has always existed, but I don t know that you could say it s getting worse, you could say that it is spreading to new fields as they are coming into existence. The STEM fields we have today such as, Cyber Security, Cyber Gaming, and Nanotechnology are still very young fields but gender inequality has still managed to take a foothold in these new fields. This is probably the best place to start the movement toward equality because many of these fields simply relyRead MoreAchieving Gender Inequality Within The American Workplace Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagespercentages of women in leadership roles will help secure gender inequality within the American workplace which is currently not present. In the workplace it can be especially difficult for women to reach positions of great power because they’re often targets of discrimination and disrespect. In the essay Lean In: What Would You Do If You Weren’t Afraid? Sheryl Sandberg gave us her experience of her feeling this gender discrimination at her workplace. Sandberg that she was listening to a guest of honorRead MoreGender Inequality Within A Competitive Athletic Workplace870 Words   |  4 Pages101 December 9, 2015 Gender Inequality What are the types of gender inequality in this world? Inequality is when there are two things that are not the same. For example, antonyms, they are when two objects don t have similar qualities. This means there are differences between the two. It can be beneficial or very discriminating. The definition for gender inequality is the unequal treatment, or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. Gender inequality is between the male andRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Introduction For many decades now it has been said that there has been inequality in the workplace, it has been a major issue in the workplace in terms of women not being allowed to have certain jobs as well as in terms of women not being promoted within the workplace which all contributes to women being paid less than men. According to Ryan and Branscombe (2013), gender discrimination has been defined as the differential treatment members of one group receive compared to another by many socialRead MoreGender Inequality In Australia Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesdominant partner, who belongs primarily to the public sphere. These historic gender norms have been deeply imbedded within Australia’s social foundation, and although society has gradually shifted away from these roles, evidence suggests that this gender inequality still riddles the modern day workplace. Liberal feminist groups have embraced this issue, and have classified it as being a true barrier to achieving the ultimate gend er equality goal. Consequently, these liberal feminists along with general

Top Choices of Evaluative Argument Essay Topics

Top Choices of Evaluative Argument Essay Topics In order to demonstrate that your claim is accurate, you may have to construct your argument in steps. Additionally, you know where to search for reliable info. You don't need to forget any critical details! You may also do some studying to discover more about the points to discuss as a way to present a logical and compelling review. Characteristics of Evaluative Argument Essay Topics When you are requested to select a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. You hope to find the portions of their argument. Whether there are lots of arguments to address, the ideal plan is to concentrate right on the conclusion you would like to dispute, and concentrate on showing it's false or questionable. Quite simply, an ethical argument tries to demonstrate that a particular issue is either morally right or wrong. Likewise, in other evaluation argument topics, you've got to collect thoughts and angles and brainstorm to come across the true status. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good idea to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. Select a topic you'd like to write about. If you think that your topic is liable to be judged harshly just due to its subject matter, try out a different one. Reading samples of response papers is also an additional way by which you can easily learn how to compose a reaction paper to documentary. Isolation, nevertheless, is what Jack should compose his new novel, and at precisely the same time, he'll work as the hotel's keeper. At the conclusion of these list, you will discover links to a variety of argumentative paragraphs and essays. Free range parenting because you can see, there are a fantastic number of useful, informative and intriguing topics to write about and evaluate. As a result of this, as you conclude you r essay, you can feel reservations about the content which you have produced. The evaluation essay is intended to demonstrate the general quality of a specific object, service, product, and place. In your essay, you should devote a minumum of one paragraph to every criterion. Your thesis will be quite straightforward. A general thesis also needs to be offered. Writing about a topic that you recognize about is also valuable. Last word of advice is to seek advice from your teacher before the last decision about the subject selection for argumentative essays. The very first step in writing an evaluation essay is making the thesis. It is a great way to size up a particular object or idea. In that instance, you may want to assume the presence of God in your opening paragraph rather than spending several pages providing an argument for the presence of God. This essay is likely to end up being 300 to 600 words, so in the event you pick solid examples and make certain you're very clear in your explanations of things, it won't really hard to reach. From that point, your task for a writer would be to demonstrate that the action which you're claiming is ethical improves human well-being. Top Evaluative Argument Essay Topics Secrets Since there are lots of objects and phenomena we can assess, an evaluation essay can be written on a selection of topics. To work, thus, the essay will begin by identifying the central premises and assumptions. There's no argumentative methodology. Stasis theory is understood to be a rhetorical procedure to learn the point of issue in a debate. Don't forget that if writing an evaluation essay, you don't need to express a firm opinion and stick with it, yet to generate a balanced assessment presenting different facets. If you've got less than at least three criteria, you will not have the capacity to evaluate your object completely. In an evaluation essay, you will want to choose certain criteria to utilize in your evaluation, and you'll need specific proof to support your statements. If you go too wide, you might have to deal with lots of feasible criteria and supporting evidence, not to mention it will be more challenging to generate an evaluation. What You Need to Do About Evaluative Argument Essay Topics The very first portion of making this kind of argument is usually establishing that we have a tendency to care about and sympathize with different humans. Also, you'll locate a brief sample for you to know what type of result you ought to receive. While evaluation essays are simple to write, as you're simply requir ed to evaluate a product, service, entity, event or something different, there is a single big trap to be on the lookout for creating your piece overly opinionated. Let's take climate change by way of example and whether it's solely due to human mistreatment of Earth.

Measures used to Control enslaved africans Essay - 659 Words

Measures used to control enslaved Africans Colonial assemblies and individual planters used and instituted many methods that ensured that the slave population was subdued and subservient. Such methods included: Economic Control a) There was severe limitation on free time for the enslaved as free time was equated to loss of production time on the estate. As a result, a structure of economic dependence was created whereby enslaved Africans relied on the planter for their food, shelter and clothing. b) Severe restriction was placed on the ability of the enslaved Africans to carve an economic livelihood, for instance, growing provision crops to be sold in the market. Psychological and Ideological Control a) A concerted attempt was made†¦show more content†¦Slavery had already existed legally in Spain before the Spaniards arrived in the New World. Slavery in Spain was, however, less severe; to the Spanish colonies they were to be regarded as persons and not property. They also had other rights such as they should not be overworked, starved or unlawfully punished by their masters. They also had the right to buy their freedom, to marry, to provision grounds and to appeal to the court against illegal treatment. As well, masters were obliged to provide the basic amenities for his slaves. French Laws French laws that governed how slaves should be treated were called Code Noir (Black Code) and these were drawn up in France. The articles in the code ordered baptism and Christian principles. Enslaved Africans could marry with their masters consent. Planters were to provide food and clothing for slaves and to provide care for the elderly and disabled. Enslaved peoples could appeal to legal offices known as procureur-gà ©nà ©ral (attorney general) to complain against ill-treatment and neglect but, at the same time, the code stated that the slaves could be punished by means of flogging, branding, mutilation and execution for theft, assault and attempts to escape. British Laws The English colonies had no legal English code. Laws were made by masters in their post as members of the legislative of each individual colony. The British Parliament, therefore, had no control over the laws passed in the colonies. Slaves were seenShow MoreRelatedThe, My Eyes Have Seen By Alice Dunbar Nelson Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagescontributed to the formation of the United States. Ever since slaves arrived in the Chesapeake in the early seventeenth century, slaves resisted their enslavement just as anyone else would, in order to claim some measure of freedom against an institution that defined people as property. African Americans resisted slavery in many different forms in order to secure customary rights that dictated work routines, the speed of work, rations distributed, and other basic liberties granted to white AmericansRead More`` 12 Years A Slave `` And The Fight For Freedom Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesdistinctly shaped the lives of both enslaved, and free, Afr ican Americans. This institution tore apart lives, killed countless, and wrongly enslaved an entire race of people for something out of their control.. The academy award winning film 12 Years a Slave tells the tragic tale of Solomon Northup, a free African American, and his horrific journey while kidnapped into slavery. This film portrays both the struggle and the act of resisting authority that many African Americans of this time participatedRead MoreFreedom, Stability And Human Rights980 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Africans were taken from their motherland they lost their families, their sense of connection to traditions, their freedom, stability and their human rights. Through the Middle Passage they learned to rely on the others around them. Through this common bond they grew close and put aside differences their tribes may once have had. Due to the fact the captured people were young in age, healthy, vibrant and able to procreate; their future owners would use all of these featu res against them. MoreoverRead MoreThe African Of African Diaspora1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of the world is indeed, considered the study of African Diaspora. The term diaspora is commonly known to mean a settling of scattered colonies of people from their home country to another place. The study of African Diaspora represents a growth industry. Slavery has been a common theme throughout history. To conquer the oppression and adversity usually set into place for those whom are forced to leave their homeland, resiliency is essential. Humanity has molded and shaped the progress ofRead MoreUnderstanding Slaves During The 20th Century1239 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom slavers; an economic commodity. Long before European slavers arrived on the West African coast line, Africans had traded with Europeans through middle traders in North Africa. The practice of slavery was common as well but in a different form. Most enslaved people were serving punishment of crimes or captured in battle. There were cases in which slaves could work to buy their freedom, and children from enslaved people were not automatically slaves later on. This type of slavery was a norm, andRead MoreSlavery And The Slave Labor Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesindentured servants to save and purchase the land. As a result, the population grew in order for southern farmers to meet their labor needs. By 1750 there were over 235,000 enslaved Africans in America. About 85% lived in the Southern region. Enslaved Africans made up about 40% percent of the South’s population. The first arrivals of Africans in America were treated similarly to the indentured servants in Europe. Black servants were treated very differ ently from the white servants. By 1740 the slavery systemRead MoreOlaudah Equiano, A British Slave, And Frederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs, American Slaves Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions. The life of Olaudah Equiano, a slave sent primarily to Britain and its colonies, in contrast with the lives of American slaves, defines this clear difference. While enslaved, Equiano was taught how to read and write, and was baptized as a Christian. These events marked the bridging of the wide gap between African slaves and their European slave owners, as slaves in Britain participated in aspects of society traditionally associated with Europeans. Equiano’s â€Å"apprehensions and alarms...amongRead MoreHistorical Period Of The Bacon s Rebellion1662 Words   |  7 Pages Do to this system, whites and blacks struggles to survive against a common enemy the social system that legalized terror against the blacks and whites bondsmen, primarily the blacks. However , not all bla cks brought to the country were not all enslaved; but many were treated as indentured servants and given the jobs of plantation farmers such as tobacco and cotton farming. With the demand to increase greatly for both land and labor. The demand for land was met by invading and conquering largerRead MoreThe Laws And Customs Of The South After The Period Of Reconstruction864 Words   |  4 Pagesmurders of African Americans throughout the south as well as projecting white supremacy by terrorizing opposing. At the end of Reconstruction, the KKK and White Leagues (opposition to the Union Leagues, made up of southern whites and members of the KKK) helped elect the Democratic party to power through repressive measures on the black citizens in the south. This era of states rights began with the help of terrorist groups who worked to deny the right to vote to black citizens. The KKK also used terrorRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Justice System1090 Words   |  5 Pageslegal to discriminate against African Americans(Alexander). The justice system in America was set up to protect citizens while upholding social control and deterring crime. But the poor guidance within the system has caused racial disparities to pers ist at every level of the U.S. criminal justice system. All across the country, African Americans receive racial discrimination in the justice system ranging from bias drug arrests, police brutality, to incarceration. African Americans are shown to likely

Davantages and Disadvantages of Living Abroad free essay sample

I think that living abroad has a lot of advantages, because sometimes living in other country is better than living in our native country. When person is abroad he has more chance to find well-paid job, he could learn some foreign language and he will make new friends. However, when we go to foreign country we must take some risks as the traffic of people, financial problems. Also, our family and friends will be missed us. Today very few people could find well-paid and good job and they prefer to work as cleaners, baby sitters, drivers, builders or some other profession in foreign country. They are ready to work not very good profession, but they know that they will have enough money to live happier. The collapse of Bulgarian economics has led to unemployment, living in poverty, low salaries and a bad quality of education and standard of life. That is why so many young people leave our country, but they choose their good future far from the native country than to live poor here. We will write a custom essay sample on Davantages and Disadvantages of Living Abroad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, living abroad is a good reason to learn a new language. Today everybody needs languages to prosper in his career and the best way he to learn it is to live in place, where everyone speaks this language. It is a good opportunity to learn more about the culture of this country, its traditions, people, who live there and so on. However, a lot of people are victims of traffic of people or some other trouble. That is why it is risky to go to foreign country alone. Also, while you are there you may have some financial problems or you may not find some job at all and it will be very hard for you. A lot of people, who have already gone there, return, because they miss their family, friends, lovely activities. When you are in some unfamiliar country alone and you achieve hardly, it is easier for you to turn back to your family. Living in foreign country has lots of advantages and disadvantages, but I think that when you are in other country, you will feel better than here, because there will be more people to value your abilities.

Women Discrimination in Shakespeares Taming of th Essays

Women Discrimination in Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew A Critical Analysis Carl John C. Tanseco Prof. Buhay Hernandez AB Theatre Arts 4-1 Shakespearean Theatre In the Play Taming of the Shrew, there are lot of sexist and feminism remarks that comes into effect from the beginning to the end of the play. Kate, the main character of the story the one all of the sexist remarks and actions are directed towards. This very reason is why feminist criticism comes into effect many times throughout the book. sexism (description) Many times throughout this play, language is used to show how women are inferior to men. From the beginning of the story, Petruccio wanted to dominate the play by two dominating personalities. Bianca and Kate are two sisters who are the main focus of the suitors' interest in the play. There are several important parts of the story that will show sexism in the story. Petruccio and Lurencio finally win Bianca and Kate over, but it takes "taming" and money to get them. The fact that women had to be tamed and paid for showed that women are just object that are bought and not loved. In the play Lucentio says, "tis a wonder, by your leave, she will be tamed so" the fact that women had to be tamed, is sexist and discriminated against women. The main character, Bianca was bet on by many men to win her heart over, this kind of picking your spouse is very degrading to women and discriminating. This is like buying object for a convenient purpose, it is like buying and showing them that love was not involved in their marital process. In the play Shakespeare describe the payment of the wives when Hortensio says "Yea, and to marry her, if her dowry please". This is stating that if the money he offers to marry her is enough to her father to approve their marriage. Marriage cannot be bought, women are priceless. And it is so degrading and it classifies women based on how much they are worth rather than how great their personality and how loving they are. Another example is women taking commands to his husband. One example is when Katerine was "tamed" when she starts agreeing with her husband and laughing when he wants her to, treating her like puppet. She began to show submission to her husband because of the helplessness of her situation, there are times that Katerine said something and then Petruccio strongly disagreed with her statement, and she quickly changed her mind back .